See cath in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bellicose, warlike",
"translation": "bellicose, warlike",
"word": "cathach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "warrior",
"translation": "warrior",
"word": "cathaige"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "fight, give battle",
"translation": "fight, give battle",
"word": "cathaigid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cathbarr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cathḟeis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "cath"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "cah"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "cath"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "warfare",
"word": "cathaigecht"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "pgl",
"3": "ᚉᚐᚈᚈᚒ"
},
"expansion": "Primitive Irish ᚉᚐᚈᚈᚒ (cattu)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*katus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *katus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kéh₃tus",
"4": "",
"5": "fight"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kéh₃tus (“fight”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Primitive Irish ᚉᚐᚈᚈᚒ (cattu), from Proto-Celtic *katus, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₃tus (“fight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catho",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "catha",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catho",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catho",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "catha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chath",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "catho",
"7": "or",
"8": "catha",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cath m (genitive catho or catha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "catho",
"gen2": "catha"
},
"expansion": "cath m (genitive catho or catha)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cath+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "cathu",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cath+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-m",
"dat_du": "cathaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "cathaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cath+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "catho+L",
"gen_du2": "catha+L",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "cathae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "catho+H",
"gen_sg2": "catha+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cath+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "cathae+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "cath",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cath+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "cathu",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cath",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "of the battle",
"text": "in chatho [translating proelii]",
"translation": "of the battle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
41
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "as he protects someone behind him in battle",
"text": "amal du·n‑em-side nech íarna chúl hi cath",
"translation": "as he protects someone behind him in battle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"english": "under the battle",
"text": "fon chath [translating sub Marte]",
"translation": "under the battle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"battle, fight"
],
"id": "en-cath-sga-noun-N2uhvlR-",
"links": [
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"troop, battalion"
],
"id": "en-cath-sga-noun-TZxVxcNL",
"links": [
[
"troop",
"troop"
],
[
"battalion",
"battalion"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaθ/"
}
],
"word": "cath"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine u-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Primitive Irish",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₃-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Primitive Irish",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"cy:Cats"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "bellicose, warlike",
"translation": "bellicose, warlike",
"word": "cathach"
},
{
"english": "warrior",
"translation": "warrior",
"word": "cathaige"
},
{
"english": "fight, give battle",
"translation": "fight, give battle",
"word": "cathaigid"
},
{
"word": "cathbarr"
},
{
"word": "cathḟeis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "cath"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "cah"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "cath"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "warfare",
"word": "cathaigecht"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "pgl",
"3": "ᚉᚐᚈᚈᚒ"
},
"expansion": "Primitive Irish ᚉᚐᚈᚈᚒ (cattu)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*katus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *katus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kéh₃tus",
"4": "",
"5": "fight"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kéh₃tus (“fight”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Primitive Irish ᚉᚐᚈᚈᚒ (cattu), from Proto-Celtic *katus, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₃tus (“fight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catho",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "catha",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catho",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catho",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "catha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cath",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chath",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "catho",
"7": "or",
"8": "catha",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cath m (genitive catho or catha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "catho",
"gen2": "catha"
},
"expansion": "cath m (genitive catho or catha)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cath+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "cathu",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cath+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-m",
"dat_du": "cathaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "cathaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cath+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "catho+L",
"gen_du2": "catha+L",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "cathae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "catho+H",
"gen_sg2": "catha+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cath+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "cathae+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "cath",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cath+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "cathu",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cath",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "of the battle",
"text": "in chatho [translating proelii]",
"translation": "of the battle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
41
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "as he protects someone behind him in battle",
"text": "amal du·n‑em-side nech íarna chúl hi cath",
"translation": "as he protects someone behind him in battle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"english": "under the battle",
"text": "fon chath [translating sub Marte]",
"translation": "under the battle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"battle, fight"
],
"links": [
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"troop, battalion"
],
"links": [
[
"troop",
"troop"
],
[
"battalion",
"battalion"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaθ/"
}
],
"word": "cath"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cath meaning in Old Irish (6.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cath/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"cath"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cath",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"cath"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cath",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"cath"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cath",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"cath",
"Template:inh",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "",
"title": "cath",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 715960668<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Mar 2026 14:01:41 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"cath",
"Template:inh",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "",
"title": "cath",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 719331662<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Mar 2026 14:02:36 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (602557e and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.